{"id":9741,"date":"2015-10-21T23:09:09","date_gmt":"2015-10-21T23:09:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sitemandev.wpengine.com\/?page_id=9741"},"modified":"2020-09-03T13:48:09","modified_gmt":"2020-09-03T18:48:09","slug":"peso","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/siteman.wustl.edu\/es\/prevencion\/factores-de-riesgo\/peso\/","title":{"rendered":"Peso"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"parent":1937,"menu_order":125,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-left-nav.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-9741","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"layout-content","class":"","content":"<p>Puede que el c\u00e1ncer no sea una de las primeras cosas en las que piense cuando se trata de los riesgos para la salud derivados del sobrepeso o la obesidad, pero probablemente deber\u00eda serlo. Hasta doce c\u00e1nceres diferentes se han relacionado con el peso, incluidos los c\u00e1nceres de colon, endometrio, ri\u00f1\u00f3n, es\u00f3fago y mama.<\/p>\n<p>Con un impacto tan amplio, se estima que se podr\u00edan evitar alrededor de 120.000 muertes por c\u00e1ncer cada a\u00f1o en los Estados Unidos si todos mantuvieran un peso saludable durante toda la vida. Si a eso le sumamos tasas m\u00e1s bajas de enfermedades card\u00edacas, diabetes y presi\u00f3n arterial, es dif\u00edcil ignorar la importancia de mantener el peso bajo control.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces, \u00bfqu\u00e9 es exactamente un peso saludable? Ingrese el extra\u00f1o &quot;\u00edndice de masa corporal&quot;, o IMC. El IMC utiliza un c\u00e1lculo especial de peso y altura para tener una idea de cu\u00e1nta grasa extra puede tener una persona.<\/p>\n<p>Para los adultos, un IMC de 18,5 a 24,9 se considera un peso saludable; un IMC de 25 a 29,9 es sobrepeso y cualquier persona de 30 a\u00f1os o m\u00e1s es obesidad. Si bien el IMC no es una medida perfecta, para la mayor\u00eda de las personas sirve para estimar el exceso de peso. Para ver d\u00f3nde se encuentra usted en la escala, visite nuestro <a href=\"https:\/\/www.barnesjewish.org\/Health-Library\/View-Content?contentTypeId=41&amp;contentId=bmicalc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">calculadora de IMC<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Por supuesto, los riesgos para la salud derivados del sobrepeso no son constantes en una categor\u00eda y luego aumentan inmediatamente cuando se pasa a otra. Es mucho m\u00e1s un aumento constante. A medida que el IMC aumenta, el tama\u00f1o y la cantidad de riesgos para la salud comienzan a aumentar. Incluso dentro del extremo superior del rango saludable, el riesgo de diabetes, presi\u00f3n arterial alta, enfermedades card\u00edacas y algunos c\u00e1nceres comienza a aumentar a medida que el IMC aumenta.<\/p>\n<p>A continuaci\u00f3n se presentan algunos c\u00e1nceres clave que se han relacionado con el peso:<\/p>\n<h2>c\u00e1ncer de colon<\/h2>\n<p>En muchos estudios se ha demostrado que la obesidad aumenta el riesgo de c\u00e1ncer de colon y p\u00f3lipos adenomatosos, que son crecimientos precancerosos que pueden convertirse en c\u00e1ncer. No est\u00e1 exactamente claro c\u00f3mo el peso aumenta el riesgo. Una posibilidad es que el peso extra aumente los niveles de insulina en la sangre, lo que luego puede estimular el crecimiento celular anormal en el colon.<\/p>\n<h2>c\u00e1ncer endometrial<\/h2>\n<p>Durante las \u00faltimas cuatro d\u00e9cadas, estudio tras estudio ha demostrado que cuanto m\u00e1s pesa una mujer, mayor es su riesgo de sufrir c\u00e1ncer de endometrio. Una posible raz\u00f3n es que las mujeres con sobrepeso tienden a tener niveles m\u00e1s altos de estr\u00f3geno y niveles m\u00e1s bajos de progesterona que las mujeres delgadas. La combinaci\u00f3n de niveles altos de estr\u00f3geno y niveles bajos de progesterona se ha relacionado con el c\u00e1ncer de endometrio.<\/p>\n<h2>Cancer de RI\u00d1ON<\/h2>\n<p>Existe evidencia muy s\u00f3lida de que el sobrepeso y la obesidad aumentan el riesgo de c\u00e1ncer de ri\u00f1\u00f3n. Sin embargo, no se sabe exactamente c\u00f3mo el peso aumenta el riesgo. Podr\u00eda estar relacionado con la inflamaci\u00f3n, el aumento de los niveles de insulina y la presi\u00f3n arterial m\u00e1s alta, cada uno de los cuales puede ser el resultado del sobrepeso y cada uno de los cuales tambi\u00e9n se ha relacionado con el c\u00e1ncer de ri\u00f1\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<h2>c\u00e1ncer de es\u00f3fago<\/h2>\n<p>El es\u00f3fago es el tubo que transporta los alimentos por la garganta hasta el est\u00f3mago, y existe una gran cantidad de evidencia de que la obesidad aumenta el riesgo de un tipo espec\u00edfico de c\u00e1ncer de es\u00f3fago llamado adenocarcinoma de es\u00f3fago. No est\u00e1 exactamente claro por qu\u00e9, pero existe la posibilidad de que est\u00e9 relacionado con el reflujo g\u00e1strico, donde los \u00e1cidos del est\u00f3mago se escapan e irritan el es\u00f3fago.  El reflujo g\u00e1strico es un factor de riesgo establecido de adenocarcinoma y puede ser m\u00e1s com\u00fan en adultos obesos.<\/p>\n<h2>c\u00e1ncer de mama<\/h2>\n<p>Est\u00e1 bien establecido que el aumento de peso aumenta el riesgo de c\u00e1ncer de mama en mujeres posmenop\u00e1usicas. La evidencia es menos clara para el c\u00e1ncer de mama en mujeres premenop\u00e1usicas. Algunos estudios muestran que el sobrepeso en realidad puede reducir el riesgo de c\u00e1ncer de mama antes de la menopausia, mientras que otros hallazgos sugieren que incluso el aumento de peso a corto plazo antes de la menopausia puede aumentar el riesgo. Dondequiera que se encuentren los hallazgos, es importante que las mujeres intenten mantener un peso saludable durante toda la vida. La mayor\u00eda de los c\u00e1nceres de mama se desarrollan despu\u00e9s de la menopausia. Y, para la mayor\u00eda de las mujeres, el peso que ganaron antes de la menopausia probablemente tambi\u00e9n se mantendr\u00e1 despu\u00e9s de la menopausia.<\/p>\n<p>Es probable que el aumento de peso aumente el riesgo de c\u00e1ncer de mama al elevar los niveles de la hormona estr\u00f3geno, que puede promover el crecimiento del c\u00e1ncer. Despu\u00e9s de la menopausia, cuando los ovarios de una mujer dejan de producir tanto estr\u00f3geno, el tejido adiposo se convierte en una fuente importante de la hormona. Cuanto m\u00e1s peso gana una mujer, mayor es la fuente de estr\u00f3geno despu\u00e9s de la menopausia.<\/p>\n<h2>Cancer de prostata<\/h2>\n<p>El c\u00e1ncer de pr\u00f3stata es el c\u00e1ncer m\u00e1s com\u00fan en los hombres, pero desafortunadamente, s\u00f3lo existen unos pocos factores del estilo de vida que pueden ayudar a prevenir la enfermedad. Existe muy buena evidencia de que el sobrepeso aumenta el riesgo de padecer el tipo m\u00e1s grave de c\u00e1ncer de pr\u00f3stata. No est\u00e1 claro exactamente por qu\u00e9 ocurre esto, pero puede estar relacionado con un aumento de la inflamaci\u00f3n y niveles hormonales alterados relacionados con el sobrepeso.<\/p>\n<h2>Otros c\u00e1nceres<\/h2>\n<p>Adem\u00e1s de los c\u00e1nceres mencionados anteriormente, tambi\u00e9n existe buena evidencia de que el aumento de peso y la obesidad aumentan el riesgo de c\u00e1ncer de p\u00e1ncreas, c\u00e1ncer de ves\u00edcula biliar, c\u00e1ncer de h\u00edgado, c\u00e1ncer de ovario, as\u00ed como leucemia, linfoma y mieloma m\u00faltiple.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Aunque mantener el peso bajo control puede ser una tarea dif\u00edcil en esta \u00e9poca de men\u00fas econ\u00f3micos y tel\u00e9fonos inteligentes, vale la pena el esfuerzo. Los beneficios del c\u00e1ncer por s\u00ed solos son enormes. Cuando se agrega el impacto sobre las enfermedades card\u00edacas, la diabetes, la presi\u00f3n arterial y la buena calidad de vida tradicional, los beneficios se vuelven enormes. Pruebe estos sencillos pasos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u202a<strong>Ejercicio, ejercicio, ejercicio.<\/strong> Estar activo es una de las mejores formas de controlar el peso.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cuidado con las calorias<\/strong>. Suena simple, pero vale la pena decirlo: las calor\u00edas son importantes cuando se trata de ganar y perder peso. Cuando se siente a tomar un refrigerio o una comida, t\u00f3mese un tiempo para pensar en cu\u00e1nto est\u00e1 comiendo y cu\u00e1ndo ha comido lo suficiente.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u00e9sate -<\/strong> <strong>cada d\u00eda<\/strong>. Pesarse con regularidad puede ayudarle a mantenerse al d\u00eda con sus objetivos de peso.<\/li>\n<li>\u202a<strong>Vu\u00e9lvete mediterr\u00e1neo.<\/strong> Una dieta rica en frutas, verduras, cereales integrales y aceites saludables (como el aceite de oliva) puede hacerte sentir lleno, ayudarte a regular tu apetito y, de hecho, saber muy bien.<\/li>\n<li>\u202a<strong>Elija porciones m\u00e1s peque\u00f1as y coma m\u00e1s lentamente.<\/strong> Disminuya la velocidad y d\u00e9le a su cuerpo la oportunidad de sentirse lleno antes de pasar a los segundos.<\/li>\n<li>\u202a<strong>Sea un comedor consciente.<\/strong> La comida es un gran negocio, su principal objetivo es conseguir que comas. Trate de escuchar lo que le dice su cuerpo, no lo que la industria alimentaria quiere que escuche.<\/li>\n<\/ul>"}],"custom_page_title":"","hide_right_sidebar":false,"flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"wysiwyg_content","section_title":"","basic_wysiwyg_alignment_options":"left-align","basic_wysiwyg_background":"white","basic_wysiwyg_stackable":[],"basic_wysiwyg_fullwidth":[],"basic_wysiwyg_content":"<p>Cancer may not be one of the first things you think about when it comes to the health risks of being overweight or obese, but it probably should be.\u00a0 As many as twelve different cancers have been linked to weight, including cancers of the colon, endometrium, kidney, esophagus and breast.<\/p>\n<p>\u202aWith such a broad impact, it\u2019s been estimated that about 120,000 deaths from cancer could be avoided each year in the United States if everyone stayed at a healthy weight throughout life.\u00a0 Tack on lower rates of heart disease, diabetes and blood pressure and it\u2019s hard to ignore the importance of keeping weight in check.<\/p>\n<p>\u202aSo what exactly is a healthy weight?\u00a0 Enter the strange sounding \u201cbody mass index\u201d \u2013 or BMI.\u00a0 BMI uses a special calculation of weight and height to get an idea of how much extra fat someone may be carrying.<\/p>\n<p>\u202aFor adults, a BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered a healthy weight; a BMI of\u00a025-29.9 is overweight, and anything 30 and over is obese.\u00a0 While BMI is not a perfect measure, for most people it does a good job estimating excess weight.\u00a0 To see where you fall on the scale, visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.barnesjewish.org\/Health-Library\/View-Content?contentTypeId=41&amp;contentId=bmicalc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BMI calculator<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u202aOf course, the health risks from overweight aren\u2019t constant throughout one category and then immediately jump up when you cross into another.\u00a0 It\u2019s much more a steady increase.\u00a0 As BMI goes up, the size and number of health risks start to go up.\u00a0 Even within the upper end of the healthy range, the risk of diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease and some cancers starts to rise as BMI creeps higher.<\/p>\n<p>\u202aBelow are some key cancers that have been linked to weight:<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"wysiwyg_content","section_title":"Colon cancer","basic_wysiwyg_alignment_options":"left-align","basic_wysiwyg_background":"white","basic_wysiwyg_stackable":[],"basic_wysiwyg_fullwidth":[],"basic_wysiwyg_content":"<h2>\u202aColon cancer<\/h2>\n<p>\u202aObesity has been shown in many studies to raise the risk of both colon cancer and adenomatous polyps, which are precancerous growths that can turn into cancer.\u00a0 It\u2019s not exactly clear how weight increases risk.\u00a0 One possibility is that extra weight increase insulin levels in the blood, which may then stimulate abnormal cell growth in the colon.<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"wysiwyg_content","section_title":"Endometrial cancer","basic_wysiwyg_alignment_options":"left-align","basic_wysiwyg_background":"white","basic_wysiwyg_stackable":[],"basic_wysiwyg_fullwidth":[],"basic_wysiwyg_content":"<h2>\u202aEndometrial cancer<\/h2>\n<p>\u202aFor the past four decades, study after study has shown that the more a woman weighs, the greater her risk of endometrial cancer. One possible reason is that overweight women tend to have higher levels of estrogen and lower levels of progesterone than lean women do.\u00a0 The combination of high estrogen and low progesterone has been linked to endometrial cancer.<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"wysiwyg_content","section_title":"Kidney cancer","basic_wysiwyg_alignment_options":"left-align","basic_wysiwyg_background":"white","basic_wysiwyg_stackable":[],"basic_wysiwyg_fullwidth":[],"basic_wysiwyg_content":"<h2>\u202aKidney cancer<\/h2>\n<p>\u202aThere is very strong evidence that overweight and obesity increase the risk of kidney cancer.\u00a0 Exactly how weight increases risk, though, is less well known.\u00a0 It could relate to inflammation, increased insulin levels, and higher blood pressure, each of which can be the result of being overweight and each of which has also been linked to kidney cancer.<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"wysiwyg_content","section_title":"Esophageal cancer","basic_wysiwyg_alignment_options":"left-align","basic_wysiwyg_background":"white","basic_wysiwyg_stackable":[],"basic_wysiwyg_fullwidth":[],"basic_wysiwyg_content":"<h2>\u202aEsophageal cancer<\/h2>\n<p>\u202aThe esophagus is the tube that carries food down the throat and into the stomach, and there is a great deal of evidence that obesity raises the risk a specific type of esophageal cancer called adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.\u00a0 It\u2019s not exactly clear why, but there\u2019s a chance it\u2019s related to gastric reflux, where stomach acids leak up and irritate the esophagus.\u00a0 \u00a0Gastric reflux is an established risk factor for adenocarcinoma, and it can be more common in obese adults.<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"wysiwyg_content","section_title":"Breast cancer","basic_wysiwyg_alignment_options":"left-align","basic_wysiwyg_background":"white","basic_wysiwyg_stackable":[],"basic_wysiwyg_fullwidth":[],"basic_wysiwyg_content":"<h2>\u202aBreast cancer<\/h2>\n<p>\u202aIt\u2019s well established that weight gain increases the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.\u00a0 The evidence is less clear for breast cancer in premenopausal women.\u00a0 Some studies show that being overweight can actually lower the risk of breast cancer before menopause, while other findings suggest that even short-term weight gain before menopause can increase risk.\u00a0 Wherever the findings ultimately fall, it\u2019s important for women to try to maintain a healthy weight throughout life. Most breast cancers develop after menopause.\u00a0 And, for most women, the weight they put on before menopause will likely stay with them after menopause as well.<\/p>\n<p>\u202aWeight gain likely increases breast cancer risk by raising levels of the hormone estrogen, which can promote cancer growth.\u00a0 After menopause when a woman\u2019s ovaries stop producing as much estrogen, fat tissue becomes a major source of the hormone.\u00a0 The more weight a woman\u2019s gained, the greater the source of estrogen after menopause.<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"wysiwyg_content","section_title":"Prostate cancer","basic_wysiwyg_alignment_options":"left-align","basic_wysiwyg_background":"white","basic_wysiwyg_stackable":[],"basic_wysiwyg_fullwidth":[],"basic_wysiwyg_content":"<h2>Prostate cancer<\/h2>\n<p>Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, but unfortunately, there are only a handful of lifestyle factors that can help prevent the disease.\u00a0 There is very good evidence that being overweight increases the risk of the most serious type of prostate cancer.\u00a0 Exactly why this is isn\u2019t clear, but it may be related to increased inflammation and altered hormone levels linked to being overweight.<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"wysiwyg_content","section_title":"\u202aOther cancers","basic_wysiwyg_alignment_options":"left-align","basic_wysiwyg_background":"white","basic_wysiwyg_stackable":[],"basic_wysiwyg_fullwidth":[],"basic_wysiwyg_content":"<h2>\u202aOther cancers<\/h2>\n<p>\u202aIn addition to the cancers above, there\u2019s also good evidence that weight gain and obesity increase the risk of pancreatic cancer, gallbladder cancer, liver cancer, ovarian cancer as well as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Although keeping weight in check can be a tall order in this day of dollar menus and smartphones, it\u2019s well worth the effort.\u00a0 The cancer benefits alone are huge.\u00a0 When the impact on heart disease, diabetes, blood pressure, and good old-fashioned quality of life are added, the benefits become enormous.\u00a0 Try these simple steps:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u202a<strong>Exercise, exercise, exercise.<\/strong> Being active is one of the best ways of controlling weight.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Watch the calories<\/strong>. It sounds simple, but it\u2019s worth saying: calories matter when in comes to weight gain and weight loss. When you sit down for a snack or meal, take some time to think about how much you\u2019re eating and when you\u2019ve had enough.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Weigh yourself \u2013<\/strong> <strong>every day<\/strong>. Weighing yourself regularly can help you keep on track with your weight goals.<\/li>\n<li>\u202a<strong>Go Mediterranean.<\/strong> A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy oils (like olive oil) can make you feel full, help regulate your appetite, and actually taste really good.<\/li>\n<li>\u202a<strong>Choose smaller portions and eat more slowly.<\/strong> Slow down and give your body a chance to feel full before you move on to seconds.<\/li>\n<li>\u202a<strong>Be a mindful eater.<\/strong> Food is big business, its main goal is to get you to eat.\u00a0 Try to listen to what your body is telling you, not what the food business wants you to hear.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n"}]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Weight - Risk Factors - Siteman Cancer Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Weight is a factor in preventing cancer. 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